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    [LeetCode 230] Kth Smallest Element in a BST

    Published Jun 25, 2022 [  Tree  ]

    Problem

    Given the root of a binary search tree, and an integer k, return the kth smallest value (1-indexed) of all the values of the nodes in the tree.

    Example 1:

    Input: root = [3,1,4,null,2], k = 1
    Output: 1
    

    Example 2:

    Input: root = [5,3,6,2,4,null,null,1], k = 3
    Output: 3
    

    Constraints:

    • The number of nodes in the tree is n.
    • 1 <= k <= n <= 10^4
    • 0 <= Node.val <= 10^4

    Thoughts

    • For a BST, inorder traversal is the sorted order.
    • We can use a count to find the kth smallest element with inorder traversal

    TypeScript

    /**
     * Definition for a binary tree node.
     * class TreeNode {
     *     val: number
     *     left: TreeNode | null
     *     right: TreeNode | null
     *     constructor(val?: number, left?: TreeNode | null, right?: TreeNode | null) {
     *         this.val = (val===undefined ? 0 : val)
     *         this.left = (left===undefined ? null : left)
     *         this.right = (right===undefined ? null : right)
     *     }
     * }
     */
    
    function kthSmallest(root: TreeNode | null, k: number): number {
        let res;
        
        const travel = (node: TreeNode) => {
            if(node === null) return
            if(k === 0) return
            
            travel(node.left)
            k--;
            if(k === 0) res = node.val;
            travel(node.right)
        }
        
        travel(root)
        
        return res
    };
    

    Reference